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Concluding Remarks
For the last two centuries Turkey has been in the process of modernization and the educational institutions were indispensible instruments of this process. In a nutshell, it should be underlined that the bureaucrats and intellectuals who graduated from the modern and secular schools played quite significant role in Ottoman/Turkish modernization. In this regard, thanks to the modern educational institutions which were established during the late Ottoman history, their graduates actively shaped the Republican period and implemented many reforms as in the field of education. It would not be wrong to state that the Ottoman legacy in educational institutions and the Ottoman manpower made it possible for young rulers of Turkey in the first quarter of the 20th century to built upon/reform the Turkish education.
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