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An Analysis of History of Turkish Education: Sources, Pioneers and Approaches

Developed by Fatih University (TR)

The Essay "An Analysis of History of Turkish Education: Sources, Pioneers and Approaches" has been developed by the National Workgroup of the Fatih University

This paper aims to present on overview of the history of Turkish education. For this purpose, the relationship between Ottoman modernization and the reforms in the field of education is underlined. In terms of the period under study, the paper covers the period from late Ottoman history and to the Republican Era. The first part of the paper concentrates on the educational institutions, ranging from traditional schools (such as sibyan mektebi and madrasa), to modern secular schools in Turkey. Then, the sources of Turkish education are analyzed. The importance and the use of the primary sources such as the Ottoman Prime Ministry Archive, vakfiye registers, and state yearbooks are emphasized in this section. Leading secondary sources are also stressed. In its third section the paper dwells upon an important methodological debate in Turkish education: whether to build and reform the education from top down or bottom up. Here, Emrullah Efendi’s the Tuba tree theory is summarized and proponents and opponents of these approaches are briefly mentioned. The final section is on the history textbooks in Turkey. The paper draws attention to the political agendas of the ruling elites and their influence on the history textbooks. The paper highlights the continuity in education institutions and manpower from late Ottoman to the Republican history.

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This project has been funded with support from the European Commission.
All the project's contents reflect the views only of the author, and the Commission
cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.